Welcome to Sighetu Marmatiei in County Maramureş,
part of the Transilvania region of Romania! Discover historic Baia Mare and
surrounding villages, see things to do and understand the rich Transilvania
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Sighetu
Marmaţiei, also spelled Sighetul Marmaţiei (Hungarian:
Máramarossziget, Rusyn: Sihota), formerly Sighet, is a city
(municipality) in Maramureş County near the Iza River, in
north-western Romania.
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Church in Sighetul Marmaţiei
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This website is a
general tourist guide, designed to help English-speaking tourists
understand Romania, and as such, provides historical
information for the interest of our traveller readers. History
can be a contentious issue, and we welcome input where readers think
clarification or correction is advisable. Please
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Early Sighetu Marmatiei History
Perfect spot for some picnic
Inhabited since the Hallstatt period, the urban area was situated on an
important route that followed the the Tisza Valley. The first mention of a
settlement dates back to the 11th century, and the city as such was first
mentioned in 1326. In 1352, it was a free royal town and the capital of
Máramaros comitatus of the Kingdom of Hungary.
From 1556, the settlement - like the Castle of Huszt - was a residence
of Transylvanian Princes; from 1570 to 1733, the town and the county were
part of the Principality of Transylvania. In 1733, King Charles III
returned it and Máramaros County to his Hungarian domain.
Sighetu Marmaţiei was one of the Romanian, Rusyn, and Jewish cultural
and political centers in the Kingdom of Hungary. The Jewish community was
led by the Teitelbaum family — who also led the Satmar Hasidic community.
It became part of the Kingdom of Romania at the end of World War I (see
Greater Romania), and was again under Hungarian administration during
World War II as a result of the Second Vienna Award. The latter lasted
until 1944 and in these years more than 20,000 Jews from Sighet would be
sent to Auschwitz (including the Nobel Peace Prize winner Elie Wiesel,
born in Sighet) and other Nazi extermination camps. Nowadays there are
only about 100 Jews living in Sighetu Marmaţiei.
The Treaty of Paris at the end of World War II voided the Vienna
Awards, and Sighetu Marmaţiei returned to Romania.
In the 1950s and 1960s, after the establishment of the Romanian
communist regime, the Securitate ran the Sighet prison as a place for
political repression of public figures who had been declared "class
enemies" — the most prominent of these was the former prime minister Iuliu
Maniu (who died there in 1953). The former prison is now a museum, and a
"Memorial for the Victims of Communism".
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See a Road Map of the Sighetu Marmatiei Area
See an
Area Map of County Maramureş
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